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Hunters Homeward Bound by Ivan Berryman. Savoia-Marchetti SM.79s, of the 281a Suadriglia based in Libya in 1940, begin their journey home after another successful mission against Allied shipping in the Mediterranean. Nearest aircraft is 281-5, that of Capitano Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia. |
Tribute to Wing Commander James 'Stocky' Edwards by Ivan Berryman. Having joined the RAF at the age of 19, James Francis Edwards was to end the war with a total of 20 confirmed kills and another 10 probables and was one of Canada's greatest aces. He is depicted here in his Curtiss P.40, dispatching a Macchi MC.202 whilst defending Boston and Baltimore bombers on their way to attack the airfields of Daba on 19th October 1942. |
Pattle's First Victory, 4th August 1940 by David Pentland. Gloster Gladiators flown by Flt. Lt. M.T. Pattle and Flying Officer Johnny Lancaster surprise a flight of Breda 65s from 59A Squadriglia over Bit Taob El Essem, North Africa. Pattle went on to be top Commonwealth Air Ace of all time. |
Faith Hope and Charity by Stan Stokes. With Italys entry into WW II on June 10, 1940, the epic two-and-one-half-year siege of Malta began. Symbolizing the defiant resistance of the people and defenders of that tiny island, the legend of Faith, Hope, and Charity grew from a handful of Gloster Sea Gladiators which initially comprised Maltas sole aerial defense. Until the arrival of the more modern Hawker Hurricanes, these obsolescent biplanes fought the Regia Aeronautica alone in the skies above Malta. Only six or seven Gladiators were assembled from the shipment of eighteen crated aircraft which had been delivered by the HMS Glorious. Others were utilized for spare parts, and three had been dispatched, still crated, to Egypt. Though hugely outnumbered, the defenders fought on, raising the morale of the citizens of Malta, and denying the Italians mastery of the sky. Suffering from a constant shortage of spare parts, tools and equipment, the devoted ground support crews were never able to keep more than three Gladiators operational at any point in time. Only one of these Gladiators was totally lost in aerial combat, and the sole surviving aircraft was presented to the people of Malta, and today stands in their National War Museum as a proud symbol of courage and endurance. In Stan Stokes painting, a Sea Gladiator, piloted by Flight Lt. James Pickering, tangles with a Fiat C.R. 42 over Malta in 1940 while an Italian Savoia S.79 tri-engined bomber passes by in the background. The Gloster Gladiator represented the zenith of development of the classic biplane fighter aircraft, a design formula which characterized an entire era from WW I until the advent of the monoplane fighter just before WW II. Glosters naval model of the Gladiator was equipped with a Bristol Mercury VIIIA engine providing a maximum speed of 253 MPH, a rate of climb of 2300 feet per minute, an operational ceiling of 32,200 feet, and a range of 415 miles. The Gladiator was armed with four .303 inch Browning machine guns, and incorporated several advanced features including an enclosed cockpit and wing flaps. One top RAF ace, Sqd. Ldr. Pattle, attained eleven victories flying the Gladiator. A total of 527 Gladiators were produced, and the aircraft served in twelve different countries. The Italians were overly persistent in their emphasis on biplane fighters, stemming from their successes with these highly maneuverable machines during the Spanish Civil War. Employing distinctive Warren-truss type interplane bracing the C.R. 42 was powered by a Fiat A74 R.C. 38 engine providing a maximum speed of 274 MPH and a range of 485 miles. The C.R. 42 was more lightly armed than the Gladiators it opposed, possessing only two 12.7mm Breda machine guns. The C.R 42 served on all of Italys fronts including North and East Africa, France, Britain, the Balkans, and Russia. Exported to Hungary, Sweden and Belgium, the C.R. 42 ironically served alongside the Gladiator in other theaters of operation during WW II. |
Tribute to Capitano Carlo Maurizio Ruspoli by Ivan Berryman. Born in 1906, Carlo Maurizio Ruspoli di Poggio Suasa is recorded as being probably the oldest Italian fighter pilot to become an ace, serving both in the North Africa campaign and on the Russian front, as depicted here, claiming a Polikarpov I.16. He ended the war with a victory total of 10 confirmed aircraft destroyed and died in 1947. |
Moving Mountains - Tribute to Maggiore Vittorio Minguzzi and 22° Gruppo Autonomo by Ivan Berryman. The defense of Naples and southern Italy in World War Two was a desperate affair for the Regia Aeronautica who found themselves massively outnumbered as the Allied invasion progressed. Based at nearby Napoli-Capodichino, the Macchi 202s of 22° Gruppo Autonomo suffered terrible losses whilst trying to defend the port against the Allied heavy bombers, but nevertheless pressed home spirited attacks on the B-24s and their escorts. Here, Italian ace Maggiore Vittorio Minguzzi leads a trio of M.202s around the iconic crater of Mount Vesuvius. |
Victory near Podgorica by Ivan Berryman. As the invading forces took hold in Italy, many Italian pilots transferred their allegiance to the Aeronautica Co-Beligerante, among them Maggiore Teresio Martinoli who was to become Italy's highest scoring ace with 22 victories, before being tragically killed in a training accident. He is depicted here claiming a Ju.52 in the skies of Yugoslavia whilst flying the exceptional Macchi MC.205 Veltro. |
Patrule De Noche by David Pentland. Soviet Ace Stefanov claims two Italian SM81 Bombers during a night interception over Barcelona, Spanish Civil War 1937. |
Scourge of the Mediterranean - Tribute to Capitano Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia by Ivan Berryman. The Savoia Marchetti SM.79s of the 281a Squadriglia were to become notorious for their daring attacks on allied shipping in the Mediterranean from their bases in Libya throughout 1940. Among the most celebrated of Italian pilots was Capitani Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia, seen here claiming another victim in his personal aircraft 281-5. |
Prelude to Taranto by Ivan Berryman. Prior to the British attack on the Italian battle fleet moored in Taranto Harbour in November 1940, the job of obtaining the very latest photo reconnaissance fell to the maverick pilot Adrian 'Warby' Warburton. Flying a requisitioned Martin Maryland, Warburton undertook a series of breathtakingly low level passes across the ships moored in the harbour, cheating a hail of anti aircraft fire and flak to bring home the vital information to Rear Admiral Lumley Lyster, the flag officer aboard HMS Illustrious. Ships shown moored in the Mar Grande here are Vittorio Veneto (nearest) and Littorio with Duilio and Giulio Cesare in the background. |
Raid on the Rock - Tribute to the Crews of the Regia Aeronautica by Ivan Berryman. The only four engined heavy bomber to serve with the Regia Aeronautica, the Piaggio P.108 was built in too few numbers to have any significant effect in the Italian air campaign in World War Two, but was a worthy aircraft with several innovative design features, not least the remotely controlled gun barbettes in the outer engine nacelles. Most notable of the P.108's achievements were a number of daring night time raids on Gibraltar, as depicted here, flying from 274a Squadriglia's base at Decimomannu on Sardinia. |
Tribute to Capitano Antonio Raffi by Ivan Berryman. Whilst patrolling over advancing Allied troops east of Metemma, three Gloster Gladiators of K Flight, 1 SAAF Sqn, were attacked by Fiat CR.42s from 412a Squadriglia, led by Capitano Antonio Raffi. All three Gladiators were lost in the action, plus a further two that arrived too late to assist. |
An Eye For An Eye by Ivan Berryman. On the very day that half the Italian battle fleet was destroyed in Taranto harbour, the Corpo Aereo Italiano mounted their biggest raid on mainland Britain from their base in Belgium with twenty Fiat BR.20s bombers, escorted by almost one hundred fighters taking to the air on 11th November 1940. Bad weather over Belgium forced more than half of the fighter cover to abort and return to base, leaving just 42 Fiat CR.42 biplanes to supply cover. Hurricanes of 46 and 257 Sqns were scrambled to repel the attackers, the Italians suffering terrible losses with no British casualties being reported. Here, 46 Sqn Hurricanes claim a BR.20, this one jointly destroyed by Pilot Officer Leggett, Pilot Officer Hedley and Sergeant Walker. |
Tribute to Sottotenente Giuseppe Biron by Ivan Berryman. Giuseppe Biron was one of Italy's most successful pilots serving on the Eastern Front in 1941, claiming at least four kills against Russian aircraft, as depicted here, as he sends a Mig 3 down in flames whilst flying a Macchi MC.200 with 369a Squadriglia, 22° Gruppo Autonomo. Biron's aircraft sports the scarecrow smoking red stars emblem, designed by Biron himself and adopted as 22° Gruppo's badge before their deployment to the USSR. |
Beurling's Day by Ivan Berryman. George Beurling's Spitfire Vc shooting down the Macchi 202 of Italian Faliero Gellis over Malta. The crippled aircraft had been hit in the engine and radiator, but he managed to crash-land it and survived as a prisoner of war. This was the same day that Beurling also shot down Italian ace Furio Niclot and a probable Messerschmitt Bf.109. |
Exchange of Fire by Ivan Berryman. A veteran of the Spanish Civil War, Lieutenant Commander Carlo Fecia Conte di Cossato was one of the most successful and formidable Italian submarine commanders of WWII. In charge of the Tazzoli , he destroyed almost 18,000 tons of shipping on his first mission, steadily adding to this total as they prowled the Atlantic. The Tazzoli is depicted as its tenacious crew retaliate with machine gun fire against a marauding Bristol Beaufort of 217 Sqn on 23rd May 1941, an encounter that left both protagonists with some damage. |
The Struggle for Malta by Ivan Berryman. Having been initially intercepted by just three ageing Gloster Gladiators, who gallantly gave both the Germans and Italians the impression of a much bigger resistance in the skies above Malta, the Italian Air Force was suddenly confronted by the more capable Hawker Hurricanes of 261 (F) Sqn, commanded by Sqn Ldr D W Balden. The previously unescorted bombers of the Regia Aeronautica suddenly required the presence of fighters to protect the marauding bombers, as depicted here, where Macchi 200s of 6° Gruppo 1° Stormo, reel around the sky to chase off the Hurricanes from the attacking Savoia Marchetti SM.79s above Grand Harbour in the summer of 1940. |
Springtime in Venice by Stan Stokes. Aviation historians often overlook the contribution of the Italians to the advancement of aircraft technology. This was particularly true during aviations earliest years. Giulio Douhet was an Italian air power theorist and advocate, similar to Billy Mitchell in America. Douhet postured in the early 1900s that air power would be become the critical influence on all future wars. He argued for a first strike capability that could hit an adversary in the battlefield, at his supply lines, and at his sources of production. The Russians and the Italians were the leading nations in the development of large, long-range, strategic bombers. In Russia the primary design force behind this movement was Sikorsky (who would later immigrate to the United States) In Italy Count Gianni Caproni di Taliedo was the guiding light with more than 300 aircraft designs to his credit. Born in 1886 Caproni had built at an early age a small biplane powered by a small 25-HP engine. He was to become a pioneer in the development of multi-engine aircraft. In 1913 he designed a three-engine machine utilizing 80-HP Gnome-Rhone engines with all three engines inside the fuselage. This arrangement proved impractical and was scrapped for a more conventional system in the Ca.31, which first flew in 1914. The first operational three-engine Caproni was the Ca.32 biplane (military designation Ca.2) and it utilized 100-HP Fiat 6-cylinder, liquid-cooled engines. The 32 had a wingspan of almost 73 feet (compared to 98 feet for Sikorskys Ilya Mourometz) and a maximum speed of about 72-MPH. The 32 was armed with one or two machineguns, had a crew of 4, and a bomb capacity of 780 lbs. These aircraft were utilized in the first Italian bombing raid of the War. More than 164 Ca.32s were produced. In 1917 Caproni began a production run of 269 Ca.33s, which were similar to the 32 but with more powerful engines. Near the end of the War Caproni produced more than 225 Series 5 aircraft (some under license) Series 5 covered the Ca.44, Ca.45, and Ca.46. The 46 could carry a 1984-pound bomb load at a maximum speed of more than 94-MPH. One of the most distinctive in the series of Caproni bombers was the Ca.42. This was a triplane configuration. Thirty-two aircraft were built, and six of these were sent to the Royal Navy Air Service. The 42 was primarily used for night bombing, although a couple of variants were also produced, one of which was fitted with floats and could carry two torpedoes, and another which had a biplane tail fitted with a rear gunners position. In Stan Stokes painting one of Capronis WW I tri-engine bombers overflys the beautiful city of Venice in a scene very removed from the ravages of WW I trench warfare. Shortly after the War Caproni conceived of a plan for a huge flying boat capable of carrying 100 or more passengers on overseas journeys. The Ca-60 was a 55,000-pound behemoth powered by Liberty engines. Unfortunately production technology was not yet as advanced as Capronis farsighted thinking. The Ca-60 was destroyed during one of its early flight tests. |
Raid on Taranto by Anthony Saunders The balance of maritime power in the Mediterranean was transformed at a stroke by the British air attack which disabled three Italian battleships in a few minutes. The target was the core of Mussolinis fleet, tucked away in Taranto Harbour, in southern Italy. The attack, codenamed Operation Judgement, took place in bright moonlight by twenty-one Swordfish from the British carrier HMS Illustrious. In the confined space of the harbour, their torpedoes had a devastating impact, at least nine torpedoes struck their targets. In all, seven ships were severely damaged, including the battleship Caio Duilio (left), Littorio (right) and Conte Di Cavour. |
Tribute to Wing Commander Adrian Warburton by Ivan Berryman. One of the most unorthodox and daring pilots of World War II, 'Warby' Warburton was the only bomber pilot to become an ace, shooting down a Savoia Marchetti SM.79, a Macchi MC.200 and three Cant Z.506Bs, one of which is depicted here being attacked by Warburton's Martin Maryland AR705. |
Victory at Monte Santo by Ivan Berryman (PC) An Italian Caudron C.IV was a victory shared by Hauptmann Godwin von Brumowski and his great friend Frank Linke-Crawford above the Isonzo River, close to the ruined monastery of Monte Santo, both Austro-Hungarian pilots flying the recalcitrant Hansa-Brandenburg D.1 (KD). |
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